Ukotini wemvelo: Ukotini wemvelo ubhekisela kukotini othole isitifiketi semvelo futhi okhuliswa kusetshenziswa izindlela zemvelo kusukela ekukhetheni imbewu kuya ekulimeni kuya ekukhiqizweni kwezindwangu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kokotini:
Ukotini oguqulwe ngofuzo: Lolu hlobo lokotini luguqulwe ngofuzo ukuze lube nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela esingamelana nesinambuzane esiyingozi kakhulu kukotini, i-cotton bollworm.
Ukotini oqhubekayo: Ukotini oqhubekayo usewukotini wendabuko noma oguqulwe izakhi zofuzo, kodwa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ekulimeni kwalo kotini kuncishisiwe, futhi umthelela wawo emithonjeni yamanzi nawo mncane kakhulu.
Ukotini wemvelo: Ukotini wemvelo ukhiqizwa ngembewu, umhlabathi, kanye nemikhiqizo yezolimo kusetshenziswa umanyolo wemvelo, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane eziphilayo, kanye nokuphathwa kokulinywa kwemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali akuvunyelwe, okuqinisekisa inqubo yokukhiqiza engenakho ukungcola.
Umehluko phakathi kokotini wemvelo nokotini ojwayelekile:
Imbewu:
Ukotini wemvelo: Yi-1% kuphela yekotini emhlabeni engokwemvelo. Imbewu esetshenziselwa ukutshala ukotini wemvelo kumele ingashintshwanga ngokofuzo, futhi ukuthola imbewu engeyona eye-GMO kuya kuba nzima ngenxa yesidingo esiphansi sabathengi.
Ukotini oguqulwe ngofuzo: Ukotini wendabuko uvame ukukhuliswa kusetshenziswa imbewu eguqulwe ngofuzo. Ukuguqulwa kofuzo kungaba nemiphumela emibi ebuchosheni kanye nokungezwani komzimba kwezitshalo, kube nemiphumela engaziwa ekuvunweni kwezitshalo kanye nemvelo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi:
Ukotini wemvelo: Ukutshalwa kokotini wemvelo kunganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngo-91%. U-80% wokotini wemvelo utshalwa endaweni eyomile, futhi amasu anjengokwenza umquba kanye nokujikeleza kwezitshalo andisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi enhlabathini, okwenza kunganciki kakhulu ekuniseleni.
Ukotini oguqulwe ngofuzo: Imikhuba yokulima evamile iholela ekunciphiseni ukugcinwa kwamanzi enhlabathini, okuholela ezidingweni zamanzi eziphezulu.
Amakhemikhali:
Ukotini wemvelo: Ukotini wemvelo ukhuliswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezinobuthi obukhulu, okwenza abalimi bekotini, abasebenzi, kanye nemiphakathi yezolimo babe nempilo enhle. (Ukulimala kokotini kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo kubalimi bekotini kanye nezisebenzi akucabangeki)
Ukotini oguqulwe ngofuzo: 25% wokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane emhlabeni kugxile kukotini ojwayelekile. I-Monocrotophos, i-Endosulfan, ne-Methamidophos yizinhlobo ezintathu zezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kokotini okuvamile, okubeka ingozi enkulu empilweni yabantu.
Inhlabathi:
Ukotini wemvelo: Ukutshalwa kokoti wemvelo kunciphisa ukuba ne-asidi enhlabathini ngo-70% kanye nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi ngo-26%. Kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenhlabathi, kunokukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide okuphansi, futhi kuthuthukisa ukumelana nesomiso kanye nezikhukhula.
Ukotini oguqulwe ngofuzo: Unciphisa ukuvunda kwenhlabathi, unciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, futhi ubangela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nokuwohloka kwayo. Umanyolo onobuthi wokwenziwa ugeleza emanzini kanye nemvula.
Umthelela:
Ukotini wemvelo: Ukotini wemvelo ulingana nendawo ephephile; unciphisa ukufudumala komhlaba, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba. Uthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo futhi unciphisa izingozi zezimali kubalimi.
Ukotini oguqulwe ngofuzo: Ukukhiqizwa kukamanyolo, ukubola kukamanyolo ensimini, kanye nokusebenza kwamatrakta kuyizimbangela ezibalulekile zokufudumala komhlaba. Kukhulisa izingozi zempilo kubalimi nakubathengi futhi kunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Inqubo yokutshala ukotini we-organic:
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi esetshenziselwa ukutshala ukotini wemvelo kumele idlule isikhathi sokuguqulwa kwemvelo seminyaka emi-3, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nomanyolo wamakhemikhali kungavunyelwe.
Izivundisi: Ukotini wemvelo uvundisiswa ngomanyolo wemvelo njengezinsalela zezitshalo kanye nomquba wezilwane (njengobulongwe bezinkomo nezimvu).
Ukulawula ukhula: Ukususa ukhula ngesandla noma ukulungisa ngomshini kusetshenziswa ukulawula ukhula ekulimeni ukotini ongokwemvelo. Inhlabathi isetshenziselwa ukumboza ukhula, okwandisa ukuvunda kwenhlabathi.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane: Ukotini wemvelo usebenzisa izitha zemvelo zezinambuzane, ukulawula izinto eziphilayo, noma ukubamba izinambuzane kalula. Izindlela zomzimba ezifana nezicupho zezinambuzane zisetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane.
Ukuvuna: Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ukotini wemvelo ukhiwa ngesandla ngemva kokuba amaqabunga esebunile futhi ewile ngokwemvelo. Izikhwama zemvelo zendwangu zisetshenziselwa ukugwema ukungcola okuvela kuphethiloli kanye nowoyela.
Ukukhiqizwa kwendwangu: Ama-enzyme ezinto eziphilayo, isitashi, nezinye izithako zemvelo zisetshenziselwa ukususa amafutha nosayizi ekucutshungulweni kokotini wezinto eziphilayo.
Ukudaya: Ukotini wemvelo ushiywa ungadayiwe noma usebenzisa udayi wezitshalo omsulwa, wemvelo noma udayi onobungani nemvelo oye wahlolwa futhi waqinisekiswa.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza indwangu yemvelo:
Ukotini wemvelo ≠ Indwangu yemvelo: Ingubo ingabizwa ngokuthi "ukotini wemvelo ongu-100%," kodwa uma ingenayo isitifiketi se-GOTS noma isitifiketi se-China Organic Products kanye nekhodi yemvelo, ukukhiqizwa kwendwangu, ukuphrinta nokudaya, kanye nokucubungula izingubo kusengenziwa ngendlela evamile.
Ukukhetha izinhlobo: Izinhlobo zikakotini kumele zivela ezinhlelweni zokulima ezivuthiwe noma izinhlobo zemvelo zasendle eziqoqwa ngeposi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo zikakotini eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo akuvunyelwe.
Izidingo zokunisela inhlabathi: Umanyolo wemvelo kanye nomanyolo wezinto eziphilayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuniseleni, futhi amanzi okunisela kumele angabi nokungcola. Ngemva kokusetshenziswa kokugcina komanyolo, izibulala-zinambuzane, nezinye izinto ezivinjelwe ngokwezindinganiso zokukhiqiza izinto eziphilayo, akukho mikhiqizo yamakhemikhali engasetshenziswa iminyaka emithathu. Isikhathi sokuguquka kwezinto eziphilayo siqinisekiswa ngemva kokuhlangabezana nezindinganiso ngokuhlolwa yizikhungo ezigunyaziwe, ngemva kwalokho singaba insimu kakotini wemvelo.
Ukuhlolwa kwezinsalela: Uma ufaka isicelo sesitifiketi sensimu kakotini wemvelo, imibiko ngezinsalela zensimbi esindayo, imithi yokubulala ukhula, noma ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo ezingaba khona ekuvundeni kwenhlabathi, ungqimba olulimekayo, inhlabathi engaphansi kwe-plow, kanye namasampula ezitshalo, kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi yemithombo yamanzi okunisela, kumele ithunyelwe. Le nqubo iyinkimbinkimbi futhi idinga imibhalo eminingi. Ngemva kokuba yinsimu kakotini wemvelo, ukuhlolwa okufanayo kumele kwenziwe njalo eminyakeni emithathu.
Ukuvuna: Ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukuhlolwa kwendawo kumele kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi zonke iziteshi zokuvuna zihlanzekile futhi azinazo yini izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nokotini ojwayelekile, ukotini ongcolile, kanye nokuxuba kakhulu ukotini. Izindawo zokuhlukaniswa kufanele zibekwe eceleni, futhi ukuvuna ngesandla kuyathandwa.
Ukugaya: Izimboni zokugaya kumele zihlolwe ukuthi zihlanzekile ngaphambi kokugaya. Ukugaya kumele kwenziwe kuphela ngemva kokuhlolwa, futhi kumele kube nokuhlukanisa nokuvimbela ukungcola. Bhala phansi inqubo yokucubungula, bese kuthi ibhala lokuqala likakotini lihlukaniswe.
Indawo Yokugcina: Izindawo zokugcina impahla kumele zithole iziqu zokusatshalaliswa kwemikhiqizo yemvelo. Indawo yokugcina impahla kumele ihlolwe ngumhloli wekotoni yemvelo, futhi kufanele kugcinwe umbiko ophelele wokubuyekezwa kwezokuthutha.
Ukuphotha nokudaya: Indawo yokuphotha yekotini yemvelo kumele ihlukaniswe nezinye izinhlobo, futhi amathuluzi okukhiqiza kumele anikezelwe futhi angaxutshwa. Amadayi okwenziwa kumele athole isitifiketi se-OKTEX100. Amadayi ezitshalo asebenzisa amadayi ezitshalo amsulwa, emvelo ukuze adaye ngendlela enobungani nemvelo.
Ukuluka: Indawo yokuluka kumele ihlukaniswe nezinye izindawo, futhi izinsiza zokucubungula ezisetshenziswa enkambisweni yokuqedela kumele zihambisane nezinga le-OKTEX100.
Lezi yizinyathelo ezihilelekile ekulimeni ukotini wemvelo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezindwangu zemvelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-28-2024